Over the past 12–14 years, you’ve explored each food group – what they are, why they’re important, and how to include them in your daily life. Now, we’re taking it a step further: you’ll be looking at these same groups in greater scientific depth, understanding how they work together and how they influence your health, the planet and your meal planning.

Although many food choices are influenced by trends, what really sustains the body’s functioning is the combination of energy and nutrients. Energy (calories) is not a nutrient, but results from nutrients and acts as the fuel that enables the body to maintain essential functions even when you’re at rest: regulating temperature, pumping blood, repairing cells, thinking and learning. Nutrients, on the other hand, are the ‘building blocks’ used to produce tissues, hormones and enzymes, regulate metabolic processes and form new cells. This distinction helps you understand why two foods with the same number of calories can have completely different effects on the body.